Hongshan Culture(c. 3500-2200 B.C.)
Hongshan Culture, dated back five to six thousands years and last for two thousands years, covers the areas of south-eastern of Inner Mongolia and western Liaoning Province of China. Hongshan Culture has derived its name from the Hongshan Mountain of Chifon inside the Mongolia Autonomy. Hongshan Culture is at the prime time of matrilineal descent society. As a result, the theme of many Hongshan Culture jade artifacts derived from birds and animals of which the designs carried female supple nature. Besides serpentine, many Hongshan Culture artifacts are made of nephrite. The emphasis of the jade artifacts is shape rather than the lines of curvature appeared on the surface. Simple and round design are usually presented by many Hongshan Culture jade artifacts. Dual holes called holes of bugle shape on the same side of the artifacts are usually seen. It is generally recognized that the dragon and phoenix motifs of Hongshan Culture are the ancestors of those motifs for later periods in the Chinese jade artifacts history.

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Hongshan Culture, C-shape Dragon H. 18cm
Catalog Code: HS0018

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Hongshan Culture, C-shape Dragon H. 18cm
Catalog Code: HS0181

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Hongshan Culture, Jade Cicada, L.14cm, D.11cm
Catalog Code: HS1411

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Hongshan Culture, Jade Bracelet with Cicada Motif, 8.5cm x 7.2c
Catalog Code: HS8572

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Hongshan Culture, Swallow Pendant, L.6.5cm, D.4.3cm
Catalog Code: HS0650

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Hongshan Culture, Jade Ax with Dragon Head,25cm
Catalog Code: HS2500

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Hongshan Culture, Jade Axe w/ vulture motif, H. 27cm.
Catalog Code: HS2700

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Hongshan Culture, Jade Hoop, H.4.8cm
Catalog Code: HS0048

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Hongshan Culture, Collared Bi-disk, D. 23cm
Catalog Code: HS2365

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Hongshan Culture, Ax, L.33cm, W. 14cm, T. 4cm
Catalog Code: HS3314